Alzheimer Disease

• Alzheimer Disease Overview
• Alzheimer Disease Causes
• Alzheimer Disease Symptoms
• When to Seek Medical Care
• Exams and Tests
• Alzheimer Disease Treatment
• Self-Care at Home
• Medical Treatment
• Medications
• Next Steps
• Follow-up
• Prevention
• Outlook
• Support Groups and Counseling
• For More Information
• Web Links
• Multimedia
• Synonyms and Keywords
• Authors and Editors

Alzheimer Disease Overview

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in industrialized nations. Dementia is a brain disorder that interferes with a person's ability to carry out everyday activities.

• The brain of a person with Alzheimer disease (see Multimedia file 1) has abnormal areas containing clumps (senile plaques) and bundles (neurofibrillary tangles) of abnormal proteins. These clumps and tangles destroy connections between brain cells.
  
  
• This usually affects the parts of the brain that control cognitive (intellectual) functions such as thought, memory, and language.
  
  
• Levels of certain chemicals that carry messages around the brain (neurotransmitters) are low.
  
  
• The resulting losses in intellectual ability are called dementia when they are severe enough to interfere with everyday functioning.

 Alzheimer disease affects mainly people aged 60 years or older.

• The risk of developing Alzheimer disease continues to increase with age. People aged 80 years, for example, have a significantly greater risk than people aged 65 years.
  
  
• About 5 million people in the United States and more than 30 million people worldwide have Alzheimer disease. Many others have mild, or minimal, cognitive impairment, which frequently precedes dementia.
  
  
• The number of people with Alzheimer disease is expected to rise substantially in the next few decades because of the aging of the population.
  
  
• The disease affects all races and ethnic groups.
  
  
• It seems to affect more women than men.

Alzheimer disease is a progressive disease, which means that it gets worse over time. It cannot be cured or reversed by any known treatment.

• The symptoms often are subtle at first.
  
  
• Over time, people with the disease lose their ability to think and reason clearly, judge situations, solve problems, concentrate, remember useful information, take care of themselves, and even speak.
  
  
• Changes in behavior and personality are common.
  
  
• People with mild Alzheimer disease usually require close supervision and help with everyday tasks such as cooking, shopping, and paying bills.
  
  
• People with severe Alzheimer disease can do little on their own and require complete full-time care.

 Because of this, Alzheimer disease is considered a major public health problem.

• The cost of caring for people with the disease is estimated at over $100 billion per year in the United States. The average yearly cost per affected person is $20,000 to $40,000, depending on the severity of the disease.
  
  
• That cost doesn't take into account the loss of quality of life for the affected person, nor the physical and emotional toll on family caregivers.

Next: Alzheimer Disease Causes »

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