Biological Warfare (cont.)
IN THIS ARTICLE
References
1. Bates S. Fairfax man accused of anthrax threat. Washington Post. March 3, 1992;C.
2. Breman JG, Henderson DA. Poxvirus dilemmas--monkeypox, smallpox, and biologic terrorism. N Engl J Med. Aug 20 1998;339(8):556-9. [Medline].
3. CDC. Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Feb 5 1999;48(4):69-74. [Medline].
4. Christopher GW, Cieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM. Biological warfare. A historical perspective. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):412-7. [Medline].
5. Danzig R, Berkowsky PB. Why should we be concerned about biological warfare?. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):431-2. [Medline].
6. Dixon TC, Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hanna PC. Anthrax. N Engl J Med. Sep 9 1999;341(11):815-26. [Medline].
7. Ferguson JR. Biological weapons and US law. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):357-60. [Medline].
8. Franz DR, Jahrling PB, Friedlander AM, McClain DJ, Hoover DL, Bryne WR. Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):399-411. [Medline].
9. Harteveld JL, Nieuwenhuizen MS, Wils ER. Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B employing a piezoelectric crystal immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 1997;12(7):661-7. [Medline].
10. Headquarters, Department of the Army. Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties. Washington, DC: Dept of the Army; July 2000.
11. Henderson DA. The looming threat of bioterrorism. Science. Feb 26 1999;283(5406):1279-82. [Medline].
12. Holloway HC, Norwood AE, Fullerton CS, Engel CC, Ursano RJ. The threat of biological weapons. Prophylaxis and mitigation of psychological and social consequences. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):425-7. [Medline].
13. Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, Friedlander AM. Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA. May 12 1999;281(18):1735-45. [Medline].
14. Kadlec RP, Zelicoff AP, Vrtis AM. Biological weapons control. Prospects and implications for the future. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):351-6. [Medline].
15. Kaufmann AF, Meltzer MI, Schmid GP. The economic impact of a bioterrorist attack: are prevention and postattack intervention programs justifiable?. Emerg Infect Dis. Apr-Jun 1997;3(2):83-94. [Medline].
16. Keim M, Kaufmann AF. Principles for emergency response to bioterrorism. Ann Emerg Med. Aug 1999;34(2):177-82. [Medline].
17. Lebeda FJ. Deterrence of biological and chemical warfare: a review of policy options. Mil Med. Mar 1997;162(3):156-61. [Medline].
18. Lederberg J. Infectious disease and biological weapons. Prophylaxis and mitigation. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):435-6. [Medline].
19. McGovern TW, Christopher GW, Eitzen EM. Cutaneous manifestations of biological warfare and related threat agents. Arch Dermatol. Mar 1999;135(3):311-22. [Medline].
20. Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, Langmuir A, Popova I, Shelokov A. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science. Nov 18 1994;266(5188):1202-8. [Medline].
21. Mobley JA. Biological warfare in the twentieth century: lessons from the past, challenges for the future. Mil Med. Nov 1995;160(11):547-53. [Medline].
22. Okumura T, Takasu N, Ishimatsu S, Miyanoki S, Mitsuhashi A, Kumada K. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Ann Emerg Med. Aug 1996;28(2):129-35. [Medline].
23. Pearson GS. The complementary role of environmental and security biological control regimes in the 21st century. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):369-72. [Medline].
24. Pesik N, Keim M, Sampson TR. Do US emergency medicine residency programs provide adequate training for bioterrorism?. Ann Emerg Med. Aug 1999;34(2):173-6. [Medline].
25. Pile JC, Malone JD, Eitzen EM, Friedlander AM. Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent. Arch Intern Med. Mar 9 1998;158(5):429-34. [Medline].
26. Richards CF, Burstein JL, Waeckerle JF, Hutson HR. Emergency physicians and biological terrorism. Ann Emerg Med. Aug 1999;34(2):183-90. [Medline].
27. Robertson AG, Robertson LJ. From asps to allegations: biological warfare in history. Mil Med. Aug 1995;160(8):369-73. [Medline].
28. Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR. Textbook of Military Medicine. Part I: Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: TMM Publications, Borden Institute.
29. Stephenson J. Pentagon-funded research takes aim at agents of biological warfare. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):373-5. [Medline].
30. Tucker JB. National health and medical services response to incidents of chemical and biological terrorism. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):362-8. [Medline].
31. Torok TJ, Tauxe RV, Wise RP, Livengood JR, Sokolow R, Mauvais S. A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. JAMA. Aug 6 1997;278(5):389-95. [Medline].
32. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease. Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook. 4th ed. Frederick, Md: Fort Detrick: 2000.
33. Wiener SL. Strategies for the prevention of a successful biological warfare aerosol attack. Mil Med. May 1996;161(5):251-6. [Medline].
34. Zajtchuk R, Bellamy RD, eds. Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Part 1. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General; 1997.
35. Zydowicz D. Anthrax: a disease from antiquity visits the modern world. Minn Med. Jul 1998;81(7):19-20. [Medline].
Next: Authors and Editors »
| Printer-Friendly Format | | | Email to a Friend |
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.
Read What Your Physician is Reading on eMedicine
CBRNE - Biological Warfare Agents »
Biological weapons include any organism or toxin found in nature that can be used to incapacitate, kill, or otherwise impede an adversary.
Explore 80+ Centers
- Allergy
- Allergy Medications
- Anaphylaxis
- Antidepressants
- Anxiety
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Baby's Health
- Back, Neck, Head Injury
- Bioterrorism, Warfare
- Blood, Lymphatic System
- Bone, Joint, Muscle
- Brain, Nervous System
- Breathing Difficulties
- Burns
- Camping
- Cancer, Tumors
- Children's Health
- Cholesterol
- Cold and Flu
- CPR, Choking
- Cuts, Scrapes, Bruises
- Dementia
- Depression
- Diabetes
- Diabetic Coma, Insulin Shock
- Digestive System
- Dislocations
- Drowning
- Drug Overdose
- Ear, Nose, Throat
- Emotional Wellness
- Endocrine System
- Environmental Injuries
- Erectile Dysfunction
- Exercise, Nutrition
- Eye, Vision
- Fainting
- Fever
- First Aid, Emergency
- First Aid Kits
- Food Poisoning
- Foreign Bodies
- Fractures, Broken Bones
- Glaucoma
- Headache
- Health, Medical
- Heartburn, GERD, Reflux
- Heart, Blood Vessels
- Heart Attack
- Hepatitis
- Immune System
- Incontinence
- Infections
- Kidneys, Urinary System
- Lung, Airway
- Medications
- Men's Health
- Mental Health, Behavior
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Nosebleeds
- Osteoporosis
- Outdoor Living
- Overexposure
- Poisoning
- Procedures
- Psoriasis
- Public Health
- Scuba Diving, Swimming
- Seizures
- Senior Health
- Shock
- Skin, Hair, Nails
- Sleep Disorders
- Social, Family Health
- Sports Injury
- Sprains, Strains
- Statins
- STDs
- Substance Abuse
- Teen Health
- Teeth, Mouth, Oral Health
- Weight Management
- Wilderness Emergencies
- Women's Health
- Wounds


