BOTOX® InjectionsMedical Author:
Joel Schlessinger, MD
Medical Editor:
Dirk M Elston, MD
Medical Editor:
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD
Medical Editor:
William D James, MD
BOTOX® Injections OverviewBotulinum toxin (BOTOX®) is a material that has been known for over a century and used for medical purposes for more than 50 years. Its initial uses were for strabismus (commonly known as a lazy eye), blepharospasm (inability to move the eye in certain ways), and cervical dystonia (wry neck). In 2002, it was approved for improving and relaxing frown lines in the area between the eyes on the forehead (the glabella) and has been used successfully in more than half a million patients since that time. |
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Causes and Treatments of Migraine and Related Headaches »
Migraine Headaches Introduction
Headaches are very common; in fact, almost everyone will have a headache at some point. Headaches have been written about since the time of the Babylonians. Migraine headaches are even discussed in the Bible. Some very famous historical figures (for example, Napoleon Bonaparte) suffered from severe headaches.
Experts do not agree about what causes headaches, but they agree that more studies are needed. Headaches are hard to study because of the following reasons:
- People experience pain differently (in other words, a headache one person rates as a 10 on a scale of 10 might be rated as a 5 by another person).
- Measuring headache pain in a standard way that accounts for the personal way people feel pain is almost impossible.
- Studies are limited to human subjects.
Although headaches might rarely be due to infections or diseases, most are probably the result of an inborn protective mecha...
Read the Causes and Treatments of Migraine and Related Headaches article »
Read What Your Physician is Reading on Medscape
BOTOX® Injections to Improve Facial Aesthetics »
Botulinum toxin is best known to clinicians as a deadly poison produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium.
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