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Medical Author:

Joel Schlessinger, MD

Medical Editor:

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.

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Author: Joel Schlessinger, MD, Consulting Staff, Dermatology, Skin Specialists, PC.

Editor: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Previous contributing editors:

Editors: Dirk M Elston, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine; William D James, MD, Program Director, Vice-Chair, Paul R Gross Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

REFERENCES:

About Botox Cosmetic. <http://www.botoxcosmetic.com/About_Botox.aspx>.

Antonucci , Flavia, et al. "Long-Distance Retrograde Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin A." The Journal of Neuroscience 28.14 Apr. 2, 2008: 3689-3696; doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0375-08.2008.

Cohen, J.L., J. Schlessinger, S.E. Cox, X. Lin; Reloxin Investigational Group. "An analysis of the long-term safety data of repeat administrations of botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO for the treatment of glabellar lines." Aesthet Surg J. 29.6 Nov. 2009: S43-49.

"Medication Guide: Botox." Allergan.com. <http://www.allergan.com/assets/pdf/botox_med_guide.pdf>.

Schlessinger, Joel, G. Monheit, M.A. Kane, and N. Mendelsohn. "Time to onset of Response of Abobotulinumtoxin A in the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: A Subset analysis of Phase 3 Clinical Trials of a New Botulinum Toxin Type A." Dermatol Surgl. 37.10 Oct. 2011: 1434-1442. [Published on-line. July 11, 2011|001:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02075.x]

Schlessinger, Joel, J. Kenkel, and P. Werschler. "Further Enhancement of Facial Appearance With a Hydroquinone Skin Care System Plus Tretinoin in Patients Previously Treated With Botulinum Toxin Type A." Aesthet Surg J. 31.5 July 2011: 529-539.

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