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February 8, 2012
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Cancer of the Esophagus

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Cancer of the Esophagus Introduction

The esophagus is a muscular tube measuring 20-25 cm (8-10 in) long and 2-3 cm (0.75-1.25 in) wide that serves as a conduit for moving food and drink from the mouth to the stomach. Two major types of esophageal cancers exist, as follows:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the epithelial cells that line the esophagus.


  • Adenocarcinoma arises from the esophageal glands or within a segment of Barrett's esophagus.


  • Most tumors occur in the lower esophagus.

    • Forty percent occur in the lowest third.


    • Forty-five percent occur in the middle third.


    • Fifteen percent occur in the upper third.

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Esophageal Cancer - Symptoms and Signs

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Cancer of the Esophagus

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Introduction

With the procedure known as gastrointestinal endoscopy, a doctor is able to see the inside lining of your digestive tract. This examination is performed using an endoscope-a flexible fiberoptic tube with a tiny TV camera at the end. The camera is connected to either an eyepiece for direct viewing or a video screen that displays the images on a color TV. The endoscope not only allows diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) disease but treatment as well.

  • Current endoscopes are derived from a primitive system created in 1806-a tiny tube with a mirror and a wax candle. Although crude, this early instrument allowed a first view into a living body.

  • The GI endoscopy procedure may be performed on either an outpatient or inpatient basis. Through the endoscope, a doctor can evaluate several problems, such as ulcers or muscle spasms. These concerns are not always seen on other imaging tests.

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Read the Endoscopy article »


Read What Your Physician is Reading on Medscape

Esophageal Cancer »

Esophageal carcinoma was well described at the beginning of the 19th century, and the first successful resection was performed in 1913 by Frank Torek.

Read More on Medscape Reference »

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