What Causes Hepatitis C?

The hepatitis C virus is not related to the other viruses that cause hepatitis. Like the other hepatitis viruses, however, it is contagious. HCV is mainly transmitted by contact with blood or blood products.

• Sharing of contaminated needles among intravenous (IV) drug users is the most common mode of transmission. Using a needle to inject drugs, even just once many years ago, is a risk factor for hepatitis C.
  
  
• Rarely, hemodialysis (machine removal of toxins in the blood), transfusion with infected blood or blood products (prior to 1995), or transplantation of organs from infected donors transmits the virus.
  
  
• Extremely rare transmission modes include from mother to child during birth, sexual intercourse (particularly if sexually active with more than 1 partner), and accidental needle sticks from a needle used by someone infected with HCV. Other possible modes include manicures, haircuts, and tattoos, but these are unlikely.