National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, St. John's Wort and the Treatment of Depression
National Institute of Mental Health, Depression
National Mental Health Association
adjustment disorder, antidepressants, behavioral therapy, bipolar disorder, manic depression, the blues, clinical depression, clinically depressed, postpartum depression, cognitive therapy, depressive disorder, dysthymia, electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, major depression, mood disorder, mood swings, neurotransmitter, psychotherapy, seasonal affective disorder, SAD, seasonal depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI, tricyclic antidepressant, TCA, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI, St. John's wort, suicidal thoughts, suicide, depression
Author: Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD
Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor, eMedicineHealth.com
Previous contributing authors and editors:
Author: Sarah C Aronson, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Case School of Medicine/University Hospitals of Cleveland.
Editors: Ronald C Albucher, MD,
Assistant Chief, Psychiatry Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System; Clinical
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of
Medicine; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine; Alan D Schmetzer, MD, Professor and Assistant Chair for Education, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine.
References:
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Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1999; 19(5): 427-434.
Keller, M.B., McCullough, J.P., Klein, D.N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D.L., Gelenberg, A.J., Markowitz
,J.C., Nemeroff, C.B., Russell, J.M., Thase, M.E., Trivedi, M.H., Zajecka, J. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression.
New England Journal of Medicine 2000; 342(20): 1462-1470.
Kornstein, S.G., Schatzberg, A.F., Thase, M.E., Yonkers, K.A., McCullough, J.P., Keitner, G.I., Gelenberg, A.J., Davis, S.M., Harrison, W.M., Keller, M.B. Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1445-1452.
MacQueen, G., Parkin, C., Marriott, M., Begin, H., Hasey, G. The long-term impact of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy on discrete memory systems in patients with bipolar disorder.
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2007; 32(4): 241-249.
Parker, G., Crawford, J. Chocolate craving when depressed: a personality marker.
The British Journal of Psychiatry 2007; 191: 351-352.
Rocha, F.L., Hara, C. Lamotrigine augmentation in unipolar depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003; 18(2): 97-99.
Sackeim, H.A., Haskett, R.F., Mulsant, B.H., Thase, M.E., Mann, J.J., Pettinati, H.M., Greenberg, R.M., Crowe, R.R., Cooper, T.B., Prudic, J. Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of the American Medical Association 2001; 285(10): 1299-1307.
Shelton, R.C., Tollefson, G.D., Tohen, M., Stahl, S., Gannon, K.S., Jacobs, T.G., Buras, W.R., Bymaster, F.P., Zhang, W., Spencer, K.A., Feldman, P.D., Meltzer, H.Y. A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression.
American Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 158: 131-134.
Tew, J.D., Mulsant, B.H., Haskett, R.F., Prudic, J., Thase, M.E., Crowe, R.R., Dolata, D., Begley, A.E., Reynolds, C.F., Sackeim, H.A. Acute efficacy of ECT in the treatment of major depression in the old-old.
American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1865-1870.
Vieta, E. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2003; 16(1): 23-27.
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Antidepressant Side Effects
A new study says over half of all people treated with antidepressants stop taking them because of side effects. See more WebMD Videos »
Cymbalta is approved for the treatment of depression.
Important Safety Information
Cymbalta® (duloxetine HCl) is approved for the treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder, and for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia.
Patients on antidepressants and their families or caregivers should watch for new or worsening depression symptoms, unusual changes in behavior, thoughts of suicide, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, difficulty sleeping, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, restlessness, or extreme hyperactivity. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have thoughts of suicide or if any of these symptoms are severe or occur suddenly. Be especially observant within the first few months of antidepressant treatment or whenever there is a change in dose.
You should not take Cymbalta if:
Before starting Cymbalta, tell your healthcare provider:
While taking Cymbalta, tell your healthcare provider:
If you have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider before taking Cymbalta.
The most common side effect of Cymbalta was nausea. For most people who had it, the nausea was mild to moderate. Other common side effects included dry mouth, sleepiness, constipation, decreased appetite, and, increased sweating. This is not a complete list of side effects.
Major depression, also known as unipolar depression, is one of the more commonly encountered psychiatric disorders.
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