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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, St. John's Wort and the Treatment of Depression

National Institute of Mental Health, Depression

National Mental Health Association

Synonyms and Keywords

adjustment disorder, antidepressants, behavioral therapy, bipolar disorder, manic depression, the blues, clinical depression, clinically depressed, postpartum depression, cognitive therapy, depressive disorder, dysthymia, electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, major depression, mood disorder, mood swings, neurotransmitter, psychotherapy, seasonal affective disorder, SAD, seasonal depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI, tricyclic antidepressant, TCA, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI, St. John's wort, suicidal thoughts, suicide, depression

Authors and Editors

Author: Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD

Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor, eMedicineHealth.com

Previous contributing authors and editors:

Author: Sarah C Aronson, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Case School of Medicine/University Hospitals of Cleveland.

Editors: Ronald C Albucher, MD, Assistant Chief, Psychiatry Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine; Alan D Schmetzer, MD, Professor and Assistant Chair for Education, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine.

References:

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Bauer, M., Dopfmer, S. Lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1999; 19(5): 427-434.

Keller, M.B., McCullough, J.P., Klein, D.N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D.L., Gelenberg, A.J., Markowitz ,J.C., Nemeroff, C.B., Russell, J.M., Thase, M.E., Trivedi, M.H., Zajecka, J. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New England Journal of Medicine 2000; 342(20): 1462-1470.

Kornstein, S.G., Schatzberg, A.F., Thase, M.E., Yonkers, K.A., McCullough, J.P., Keitner, G.I., Gelenberg, A.J., Davis, S.M., Harrison, W.M., Keller, M.B. Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1445-1452.

MacQueen, G., Parkin, C., Marriott, M., Begin, H., Hasey, G. The long-term impact of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy on discrete memory systems in patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2007; 32(4): 241-249.

Parker, G., Crawford, J. Chocolate craving when depressed: a personality marker. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2007; 191: 351-352.

Rocha, F.L., Hara, C. Lamotrigine augmentation in unipolar depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003; 18(2): 97-99.

Sackeim, H.A., Haskett, R.F., Mulsant, B.H., Thase, M.E., Mann, J.J., Pettinati, H.M., Greenberg, R.M., Crowe, R.R., Cooper, T.B., Prudic, J. Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2001; 285(10): 1299-1307.

Shelton, R.C., Tollefson, G.D., Tohen, M., Stahl, S., Gannon, K.S., Jacobs, T.G., Buras, W.R., Bymaster, F.P., Zhang, W., Spencer, K.A., Feldman, P.D., Meltzer, H.Y. A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 158: 131-134.

Tew, J.D., Mulsant, B.H., Haskett, R.F., Prudic, J., Thase, M.E., Crowe, R.R., Dolata, D., Begley, A.E., Reynolds, C.F., Sackeim, H.A. Acute efficacy of ECT in the treatment of major depression in the old-old. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1865-1870.

Vieta, E. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2003; 16(1): 23-27.

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