Down Syndrome Treatment

There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome. Early intervention programs, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, are helpful. Special education and training is offered in most communities for mentally handicapped children. Because the risk of vision problems, hearing loss, infection, and hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone) is increased, screening and treatment may be necessary.

Timely surgeries for cardiac and gastrointestinal anomalies are necessary to prevent serious complications. Digitalis and diuretics are usually needed for the medical management of cardiac anomalies along with prophylaxis for subacute bacterial endocarditis.

People with Down syndrome should have plenty of opportunities to participate in community life. Children with Down syndrome should participate in social activities, sports, and other aspects of society during the growing years.

Prognosis

• The overall outlook for individuals with Down syndrome has improved dramatically in recent years. Many adult patients are healthier, have more active roles in society, and have increased lifespan. However, life expectancy is still reduced compared to the normal population.
  
  
• Congenital heart disease is the major cause for early death.
  
  
• Many people with Down syndrome begin to develop progressive loss of mental function similar to Alzheimer disease by age 40 years, and 75% of people with Down syndrome show signs and symptoms of Alzheimer disease (see Dementia and Alzheimer Disease in Individuals with Down Syndrome).