Outlook

Drowning victims who are alert when they arrive in the emergency department have an excellent chance for full recovery.

For the confused and unconscious person, recovery depends on the length of time under water. With early rescue and treatment, full recovery is possible. The mammalian diving reflex, with slowing of body functions from icy water drowning may permit full recovery even after a long immersion.

General factors that predict outcome

• Age: The younger the person, the better the outcome
  
  
• Health: The fewer medical problems, the better
  
  
• Length of submersion: The shorter the better
  
  
• Water temperature: The colder the better
  
  
• Water quality: The cleaner the better
  
  
• Associated injury: The fewer injuries, the better
  
  
• Treatment: The sooner, the better

About 70% of near-drowning victims recover completely, 25% die, and 5% survive with permanent brain damage.

About 1 of 20 people who are rescued die from a complication of the drowning.

• Lung infection (ARDS, pneumonia)
  
  
• Heart rhythm irregularities
  
  
• Salt and water imbalance
  
  
• Kidney failure and neurological damage from lack of oxygen