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Fainting (cont.)

Unconsciousness is an obvious sign of fainting.

Vasovagal syncope

Before fainting, you may feel light-headed and shaky and experience blurred vision.
You may "see spots in front of your eyes."
During this time, observers note paleness, dilated pupils, and sweating.
While unconscious, you may have low pulse rate (less than 60 beats/minute).
You should quickly regain consciousness.

Situational syncope

Postural syncope

You may have noted a blood loss (black stools, heavy menstrual periods) or fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, fever).
You may have experienced light-headedness when sitting or standing.
Observers may note paleness, sweating, or signs of dehydration (dry lips and tongue).

Cardiac syncope

You may report palpitations (awareness of pounding, fast, or abnormal heartbeat), chest pain, or shortness of breath.
Observers may note a weak, abnormal pulse, paleness, or sweating.
Syncope often occurs without warning or following exertion.

Neurologic syncope

You may have headache, loss of balance, slurred speech, double vision, or vertigo (a feeling that the room is spinning).
Observers note a strong pulse during the unconscious period and normal skin color.

Seizures

People experiencing a seizure may report strange sensations that precede the unconscious period. (This is referred to as an aura.)

Incontinence (inability to hold urine or stool) is common.
If observers are present during the seizure, they note sustained convulsions (lasting longer than 8 seconds).
A prolonged period of confusion, lasting several minutes, follows the seizure.
During a seizure, people often scrape themselves or bite their tongues.