Medical Treatment

The treatment of a fever depends on its cause. In most cases, except hyperthermia, acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given to lower the temperature. Fluids may be given by mouth or IV to prevent dehydration, if necessary.

• Viral illnesses usually resolve on their own. Medications to help with specific symptoms can be given. These may include medications to lower fever, help with congestion, soothe a sore throat, or control a runny nose. Viruses that cause vomiting and diarrhea may require IV fluids and medications to slow down the diarrhea and stop nausea. A few viral illnesses can be treated with antiviral medication. Herpes and the influenza virus are examples. If the person is able to drink fluids and the symptoms are mild, he or she will be able to go home.

• Bacterial illnesses require a specific antibiotic that depends on the type of bacteria found or where it is located in the body. The physician will determine whether the person is admitted to the hospital or sent home. This decision is based on the illness and the person’s other medical conditions.

• Most fungal infections can be treated with an antifungal medication.

• Drug-induced fever is eliminated when the medication is stopped.

• A blood clot requires admission to the hospital and blood thinners.

• Any person with an illness that inhibits the immune system will be evaluated closely and usually admitted to the hospital.

• Environmental heat exposure requires aggressive cooling in the Emergency Department. The person’s clothes will be removed, a cooling fan and cool mist will be used, and his or her vital signs will be monitored closely. Hyperthermic people will be admitted to the hospital.