What Increases Your Risk

Things that increase your risk for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include:

Lifestyle

• Being overweight.
• Smoking.
• Drinking alcohol.
• Eating certain foods, such as chocolate or peppermint, that may relax the valve between the stomach and esophagus.

Health conditions

• Being pregnant. Up to 80% of pregnant women have symptoms of GERD during pregnancy.¹ Most of the time, symptoms get better after the baby is born.
• Having a hiatal hernia.
• Taking certain medicines. If you think that a medicine you take may be causing your GERD symptoms, talk to your doctor.

When To Call a Doctor

The main symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an uncomfortable feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain just behind the breastbone, a feeling commonly referred to as heartburn. Sometimes heartburn can feel like the chest pain of a heart attack.

Call or other emergency services immediately if:

• You have symptoms of a heart attack. These may include:
  • Chest pain or pressure, or a strange feeling in the chest.
  • Sweating.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Pain, pressure, or a strange feeling in the back, neck, jaw, or upper belly or in one or both shoulders or arms.
  • Lightheadedness or sudden weakness.
  • A fast or irregular heartbeat.

After you call , the operator may tell you to chew 1 adult-strength or 2 to 4 low-dose aspirin. Wait for an ambulance. Do not try to drive yourself.

Call your doctor immediately if you:

• Vomit blood.
• Have bloody, black, or maroon-colored stools.

Call your doctor if your GERD symptoms:

• Do not improve after 2 weeks of home treatment, are different or are getting worse, or are interfering with normal activities.
• Occur with choking or difficulty swallowing.
• Occur with significant weight loss when you are not trying to lose weight.
• Have occurred frequently over several years and are only partially relieved with lifestyle changes and nonprescription medicines that reduce or block acid.

Watchful Waiting

Occasional mild heartburn can often be relieved by making lifestyle changes and taking nonprescription medicines that reduce or block acid. Contact a doctor if you have any of the symptoms listed above.

If you haven't been diagnosed with GERD but you are concerned about symptoms such as heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth, see the topic Heartburn.

Who To See

The following health professionals can evaluate symptoms of GERD:

• Family medicine doctor
• General practice doctor
• Internist
• Physician assistant (PA)
• Nurse practitioner (NP)
• Pediatrician, if you think your child has GERD symptoms
• Obstetrician or gynecologist, if you are pregnant

You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in diseases of the digestive tract (gastroenterologist) to check severe GERD symptoms or to get an opinion on whether surgery is needed. If you are thinking about having surgery, you may also be referred to a general surgeon who has experience treating stomach and esophagus problems.

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.