Hepatitis B Causes

• The hepatitis B virus is known as a blood-borne virus because it is transmitted from one person to another via blood.
  • Semen and saliva, which contain small amounts of blood, also carry the virus.
  • The virus can be transmitted whenever any of these bodily fluids come in contact with the broken skin or a mucous membrane (in the mouth, genital organs, or rectum) of an uninfected person.

• People who are at increased risk of being infected with the hepatitis B virus include the following:
  • Men or women who have multiple sex partners, especially if they don't use a condom
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Men or women who have sex with a person infected with HBV
  • People with other sexually transmitted diseases
  • People who inject drugs with shared needles
  • People who receive transfusions of blood or blood products
  • People who undergo dialysis for kidney disease
  • Institutionalized mentally handicapped people and their attendants and family members
  • Health care workers who are stuck with needles or other sharp instruments contaminated with infected blood
  • Infants born to infected mothers

• In some cases, the source of transmission is never known.

• The younger you are when you become infected with the hepatitis B virus, the more likely you are to develop chronic hepatitis B. The rates of progression to chronic hepatitis B are as follows:
  • 90% of infants infected at birth
  • 30% of children infected at age 1-5 years
  • 6% of people infected after age 5 years
  • 5-10% of infected adults

• You cannot get hepatitis B from the following activities:
  • Being sneezed or coughed on
  • Hugging
  • Handshaking
  • Breastfeeding
  • Eating food or drinking water
  • Casual contact (such as an office or social setting)

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