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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C Overview

Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be caused by infection. Hepatitis can also be caused by exposure to alcohol, certain medications, chemicals, poisons, and other toxins, or by other diseases. >Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the many viruses that can cause inflammation of the liver.

Inflammation of the liver caused by infection with HCV is referred to as hepatitis C.

  • If the inflammation is not reversed, it becomes chronic (ongoing, long term) and can cause chronic liver disease, which can be serious or even fatal.
  • At least 75% of people infected with hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis C. 
  • If the disease progresses to the point at which the liver begins to fail (end stage liver disease), the only treatment is liver transplantation.

Hepatitis C is an increasing public health concern in the United States and throughout the world.

  • HCV is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States and the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis.
  • It is believed to be the cause of about 15-20% of all cases of acute (new, short term) viral hepatitis and half of all cases of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer.

About 4 million people in the United States have antibodies to HCV, meaning they have been infected with the virus at some point; as many as half of them do not know they have the infection.



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Hepatitis C - How Was Diagnosis Established

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Hepatitis C

What Is Hepatitis C?

Inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is referred to as hepatitis C.

What Causes Hepatitis C?

The hepatitis C virus is not related to the other viruses that cause hepatitis. Like the other hepatitis viruses, however, it is contagious. HCV is mainly transmitted by contact with blood or blood products.

  • Sharing of contaminated needles among intravenous (IV) drug users is the most common mode of transmission. Using a needle to inject drugs, even just once many years ago, is a risk factor for hepatitis C.

  • Rarely, hemodialysis (machine removal of toxins in the blood), transfusion with infected blood or blood products (prior to 1995), or transplantation of organs from infected donors transmits the virus.

  • Extremely rare transmission modes include from mother to child during birth, sexual intercourse (particularly if se...

Read the Current and Future Medications for Hepatitis C article »



Read What Your Physician is Reading on eMedicine

Hepatitis C »

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 170 million individuals worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Read More on eMedicine »

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