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Meningitis in Adults

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Meningitis in Adults Overview

Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening infection of the meninges, the tough layer of tissue that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. If not treated, meningitis can lead to brain swelling and cause permanent disability, coma, and even death.

Meningitis can be caused by a variety of things, including bacteria (the most serious cases), viruses, fungi, reactions to medications, and environmental toxins such as heavy metals. Although bacterial and fungal meningitis require extended hospitalization, meningitis caused by viruses can often be treated at home and has a much better outcome.

  • Bacterial meningitis
    • The most serious form of meningitis, bacterial meningitis, occurs in about 3,000-5,000 people in the United States every year.
    • Approximately 20%-25% of the time, even with treatment, bacterial meningitis can be fatal. If bacterial meningitis progresses rapidly, in 24 hours or less, death may occur in more than half of those who develop it, even with proper medical treatment.
  • Viral meningitis
    • Determining how many people get viral meningitis is difficult because it often remains undiagnosed and is easily confused with the flu.
    • The prognosis for viral meningitis is much better than that for bacterial meningitis, with most people recovering completely with simple treatment of the symptoms. Because antibiotics do not help viral infections, they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.
  • Fungal meningitis
    • Fungal meningitis is a serious form of meningitis that is normally limited to people with impaired immune systems.
    • In 2012, fungal meningitis was linked to a contamination in a specific steroid product, methylprednisolone, manufactured in a single pharmacy and injected in the spine of people suffering from low back pain.

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Meningitis in Adults - Symptoms

The eMedicineHealth physician editors ask:

What symptoms did you experience with meningitis?

Multistate Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Investigation

October 10, 2012 8:45 AM EDT

CDC is aware that New England Compounding Center (NECC) has voluntarily expanded its recall to include all products currently in circulation that were compounded at and distributed from its facility in Framingham, Massachusetts.

Clinicians should continue to contact patients who have received medicines associated with three lots of preservative-free methylprednisolone acetate (80mg/ml) recalled on September 26. The potentially contaminated injections were given starting May 21, 2012.

CDC's guidance to patients has not changed as a result of this voluntary recall. Patients who feel ill and are concerned about whether they received a medication from NECC at one of the affected facilities should contact their physicians.

Patients have had symptoms generally starting from 1 to 4 weeks after their injection. Not all patients who received the medicine will become sick. Symptoms that should prompt patients to seek medical care include: fever, new or worsening headache, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, new weakness or numbness, increasing pain, redness or swelling of the injection site.

SOURCE:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Meningitis »

Meningitis is the term to denote inflammation of the meninges.

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