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Medical Author:

Standiford Helm Ii, MD

Standiford Helm Ii, MD

Dr. Helm has been practicing interventional pain management since 1982. Dr. Helm is a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesiology with subspecialty certification in Pain Medicine and of the American Board of Pain Medicine. Dr. Helm is a Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP), the only certifying agency which tests the ability to perform interventional pain procedures. Dr. Helm is also an examiner for FIPP.

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Medical Author:

John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP

John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP

John P. Cunha, DO, is a U.S. board-certified Emergency Medicine Physician. Dr. Cunha's educational background includes a BS in Biology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and a DO from the Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences in Kansas City, MO. He completed residency training in Emergency Medicine at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey.

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Medical Editor:

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Synonyms and Keywords

analgesics, NSAIDs, opiates, COX-2 inhibitor, narcotics, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, pain medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pain medicine, opiate, opiates, morphine, pain management, pain medication, pain medications, pain drug, drugs for pain, severe pain, moderate pain, mild pain, acute pain, chronic pain, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, naproxen, Aleve, Ibuprofen, aspirin, fenoprofen (Nalfon) flurbiprofen (Ansaid) ketoprofen (Oruvail) oxaprozin (Daypro) diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, Voltaren-XR, Cataflam) etodolac (Lodine) indomethacin (Indocin, Indocin-SR) ketorolac (Toradol) sulindac (Clinoril) tolmetin (Tolectin) meclofenamate (Meclomen) mefenamic acid (Ponstel) nabumetone (Relafen) piroxicam (Feldene), Acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol with Codeine, Capital and Codeine, Phenaphen with Codeine) Acetaminophen with hydrocodone (Vicodin, Anexsia, Anodynos-DHC, Bancap HC, Co-Gesic, Dolacet, Lortab, Margesic H, Medipain 5, Norcet, Stagesic, T-Gesic, Zydone) Acetaminophen with oxycodone (Percocet, Roxicet, Endocet, Roxilox, Tylox) morphine (MS Contin, Avinza, Kadain, Oramorph) oxycodone (OxyContin, Roxicodone, M-oxy, ETH-Oxydose, Oxyfast, OxylR) fentanyl (Duragesic, Fentanyl Patch) oxymorphone (Opana) methadone (Methadose), addiction, pentazocine (Talwin) propoxyphene (Darvon, Darvocet)