What Increases Your Risk

The main risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a family history of it. Your chance of having it is higher if other women in your family have it or have irregular periods or diabetes. PCOS can be passed down from either your mother's or father's side.

A family history of diabetes may increase your risk for PCOS because of the strong relationship between diabetes and PCOS.

Long-term use of the seizure medicine valproate (such as Depakote) has been linked to an increased risk of PCOS.¹

When To Call a Doctor

Polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS) causes a wide range of symptoms, so it may be hard to know when to see your doctor. But early diagnosis and treatment will help prevent serious health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease. See your doctor if you have symptoms that suggest PCOS.

Call your doctor right away or seek immediate medical care if:

• You have severe vaginal bleeding. You are passing clots of blood and soaking through your usual pads or tampons every hour for 2 or more hours.

Call your doctor if you have:

• More vaginal bleeding, or bleeding is more irregular.
• Regular menstrual cycles but you have been trying unsuccessfully to become pregnant for more than 12 months.
• Any symptoms of diabetes, such as increased thirst and frequent urination (especially at night), unexplained increase in appetite, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, or tingling or numbness in your hands or feet.
• Depression or mood swings. Many women may have emotional problems related to the physical symptoms of PCOS, such as excess hair, obesity, or infertility.

Watchful waiting

Taking a wait-and-see approach (called watchful waiting) is not appropriate if you may have PCOS. Early diagnosis and treatment may help prevent future problems.

Who to see

Health professionals who can diagnose and treat PCOS include:

• Gynecologists.
• Obstetricians.
• Family medicine doctors.
• Nurse practitioners.
• Physician assistants.
• Internists.
• Endocrinologists (pediatric or medical).
• Reproductive endocrinologists.
• Registered dietitians.

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.