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Medical Author:

Shabir Bhimji, MD

Medical Editor:

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.

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Prevention is the best treatment.

• Avoid exposure to cold environments if possible.
• Wear warm clothing over hands, feet, and the entire body.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing in layers.
• Avoid prolonged vibration to fingers.
• Stop smoking or never start.
• Learn methods to control stress.
• Avoiding drinking too many caffeine-containing beverages.
• If you already have Raynaud's phenomenon, take care of your feet and guard them against injury. Avoid walking barefoot and do not wear tight garments or socks which limit blood flow to the hands and feet.

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