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Medical Author:

Richard Weil, MEd, CDE

Richard Weil, MEd, CDE

Richard Weil, MEd, CDE, is an exercise physiologist and Certified Diabetes Educator, and is director of the New York Obesity Research Center Weight Loss Program at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center in

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Medical Editor:

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Author: Richard Weil, MEd, CDE

Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor, eMedicineHealth.com

References:

Bramble, D. M., Lieberman, D. E. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):345-52.

Browning, R. C., et al. The effects of adding mass to the legs on the energetics and biomechanics of walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Mar;39(3):515-25.

Butts, N., et al. Energy costs of walking on a dual-action treadmill in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jan;27(1):121-5.

Porcari, J. P., et al. The physiological responses to walking with and without Power Poles on treadmill exercise. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1997 Jun;68(2):161-6.

Munro, C. F. et al. (1987). Ground reaction forces in running: a reexamination. J Biomech, 20, 147-156

The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Volume 30, Number 6, June 1998. http://www.acsm-msse.org/pt/pt-core/template-journal/msse/media/0698a.htm.

van Gent, B. R. N., et al. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2007 May 1.

http://www.runtheplanet.com/resources/historical/ancientolympics.asp 11/17/2007.

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sports/A0861600.html 11/18/2007.

http://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-track-and-field.htm 11/18/2007.

http://encarta.msn.com/text_761562123___0/Track_and_Field.html 11/18/2007.

http://cc.usu.edu/~reid/aerobic.html 11/18/2007.

http://www.distancerunning.com/inductees/1998/benoit.html 11/23/2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grete_Waitz 11/23/2007.

http://www.prefontainerun.com/index.html 11/23/2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister 11/24/2007.

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