Definition of Meningitis

Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges, usually due to a bacterial infection but sometimes from viral, protozoan, or other causes (in some cases the cause cannot be determined).

The onset is usually rapid (acute), and if untreated, the disease can be fatal within a very short period of time. The early symptoms are non-specific and flu-like. They are followed by more serious symptoms, which may include rash, stiff neck, confusion, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, headache, and coma.

Diagnosis is by observation of the clinical signs and symptoms and is confirmed by lumbar puncture to examine the cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment depends on the cause of the inflammation. Meningitis can cause permanent damage to the brain and nervous system and is sometimes the cause of deafness.