Colon and rectal surgeons are medical doctors who specialize in surgery of the colon and rectum.

Colon and rectal surgeons can diagnose and treat diseases such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases including colitis and regional enteritis (Crohn's disease), and hemorrhoids. They may also perform diagnostic procedures, such as sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.

Colon and rectal surgeons can be board-certified through the Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery, which is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties.