Examples

Testosterone is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating sexual problems in women. At this time, there is no testosterone pill, patch, or cream approved for women in the U.S. Those made for men have too high a dose for women. But your doctor may prescribe testosterone in a compounded formula, which is a medicine made just for you by a pharmacist.

How It Works

Testosterone is known as a "male" hormone, or androgen. It also is made in small amounts by a woman's adrenal glands and ovaries. A woman's testosterone is highest around age 20 and slowly declines till it is half as high in her 40s.¹

• In men, testosterone is linked to male physical traits and sex drive.
• In women, testosterone may be linked to sex drive. But for women, interest in sex is much more complicated than just testosterone levels.

Testosterone therapy raises testosterone levels in the body. But testosterone is only FDA-approved for use in men.

Methyltestosterone probably does not work in the body and the brain like natural testosterone does. It does not directly raise a woman's testosterone levels. And it cannot be measured in the blood like natural testosterone.

Why It Is Used

Methyltestosterone. This hormone product is sometimes also prescribed to menopausal women for improving sexual desire and response.

Testosterone is an experimental treatment used to raise a woman's sexual interest, arousal, and satisfaction. Women with low androgen levels who might benefit from low-dose testosterone therapy include those who:

• Have had their ovaries removed (oophorectomy). This causes a sudden drop in testosterone, which may decrease sex drive and satisfaction.
• Have a low sex drive that does not seem to be caused by a medicine, nor by relationship or stress-related problems.
• Have an adrenal system problem or an underactive pituitary gland (hypopituitarism).

Do not take testosterone if you:¹

• Could become pregnant. Taking testosterone while you are pregnant can cause a female fetus to develop male traits.
• Have or have had breast or uterine cancer.
• Have high cholesterol or heart disease.
• Have liver disease.

Some experts advise against using testosterone therapy for women who have not reached menopause.² If you use testosterone and could become pregnant, be sure to use highly effective birth control.

How Well It Works

There is not strong enough evidence to support the use of testosterone for improving menopausal symptoms.¹ But for women who no longer have ovaries (or whose ovaries are not working), testosterone with estrogen therapy has been shown to increase sexual desire.³

In many women, testosterone may have a direct effect on sex drive and sexual response. Women taking testosterone may have more sexual thoughts, fantasies, activity, and satisfaction.⁴

There is no solid link between a woman's high testosterone and high sex drive, nor between low sex drive and low testosterone. You can have a low testosterone level in your body and have a normal sex drive or have high testosterone and very little interest in sex.

Side Effects

In women, long-term testosterone side effects have not been studied. Experts know that:

• Oral testosterone lowers "good" HDL cholesterol and raises "bad" LDL cholesterol in the blood. High cholesterol is known to increase risks of heart disease and stroke.¹ This is why experts want to know more about long-term oral testosterone therapy.
• Testosterone should not be taken during pregnancy, because it affects a growing fetus.

Testosterone treatment for longer than 6 months has not been studied. Experts do not yet know whether it raises risks of breast cancer, heart disease, or dangerous blood clots. It may increase these risks, because some testosterone in the body is made into estrogen. Higher-than-normal estrogen in the body is linked to these risks.¹

The goal of testosterone treatment is to raise a woman's testosterone level no higher than what is normal for a young woman. All current testosterone products are made for dosing in men. There is not yet a standard dose or blood test for women, so dosing is adjusted based on your symptoms. You are taking a dose that is too high if you have:

• Acne or oily skin.
• Male-pattern hair loss from the scalp.
• Male-pattern hair growth on the face and body.
• Anger and hostility problems.
• Shrinking breast size.
• Hoarseness or a deeper voice.
• Irregular menstrual cycles, if you have been menstruating.
• An increase in the size of your clitoris.

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)

What To Think About

Taking testosterone by using a skin patch, gel, or cream does not seem to affect cholesterol levels, but taking it by mouth does. This is because hormones are processed through the liver when taken by mouth but not when they are taken through the skin.¹ At this time, there are no such FDA-approved testosterone products for women.

Some women go to a compounding pharmacist for bioidentical hormone remedies.

• Risks of bioidentical hormones are not known to be any different than risks of hormones made by a pharmaceutical company.⁵
• Many compounded hormone remedies for menopausal symptoms include testosterone. Talk to your doctor about testosterone risks before using any remedy with testosterone in it.

Many other supplements may interact with testosterone. Be sure to tell your doctor about any nonprescription medicines, supplements, or herbs you are taking.

An overdose of androgens may cause seizures, hepatitis, problems with blood clot formation, or other serious health problems. Taking DHEA and testosterone together may be dangerous. (DHEA is an androgenic dietary supplement that is derived from the wild yam. It is also called prasterone in the United States.)

Testosterone should not be taken during pregnancy, because it affects a growing fetus. If you use testosterone and could become pregnant, use highly effective birth control.

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