Definition of Hardy, James D.

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Hardy, James D.: Pioneering American transplant surgeon responsible for three epochal operations: the first human lung transplant in 1963, the first animal-to-human heart transplant in 1964, and a double-lung transplant that left the heart in place, in 1987. The 1964 transplant of a chimpanzee heart was done three years before the first human-heart transplant (by Christiaan Barnard). Dr. Hardy died in 2003 at the age of 84.

See also Xenotransplantation.