10 Common Allergy Triggers Slideshow Pictures Take the Quiz on Allergies Nasal Allergy Relief Slideshow Pictures

Medical Author:

Jerry R. Balentine, DO, FACEP

Medical Editor:

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Medications

• Epinephrine - Given in severe allergic reactions, epinephrine is extremely effective and fast-acting; it acts by constricting blood vessels, which increases blood pressure, and widening the airway. Epinephrine is given by injection into the muscle, through an IV line, or by injection under the skin.
  
  
• H1-receptor blockers/antihistamines - Usually diphenhydramine (Benadryl); these drugs do not stop the reaction but relieve some of the symptoms. They may be given by IV, by injection in the muscle, or by mouth
  
  
• Inhaled beta-agonists (albuterol) - Used to treat bronchospasm (spasms in the lung) and dilate the airways; inhaled
  
  
• H2-receptor blockers - Usually cimetidine (Tagamet); given by IV or by mouth
  
  
• Corticosteroids (examples are prednisone, Solu-Medrol) - These drugs help decrease the severity and recurrence of symptoms; may be given orally, injected in muscle, or by IV line
  
  
• If low blood pressure does not improve, additional medications, such as dopamine, may be given.