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Hyperosmotics

• Generic/trade names: Mannitol (Osmitrol), glycerin (Osmoglyn), isosorbide (Ismotic)
  
  
• How hyperosmotics work: These drugs are hyperosmotic, sugar-based medications. (Hyperosmotic means that they increase the movement of fluid through membranes.) Hyperosmotics are used in the treatment of acute (abrupt, coming on suddenly) angle-closure glaucoma. The effects last only 6-8 hours, so they are not for long-term use.
  
  
• Who should not use these medications
  
  
  • Persons allergic to hyperosmotics
    
    
  • Persons with severe renal disease
    
    
  • Persons with severe dehydration
    
    
  • Persons with pulmonary edema
    
    
  • Persons with severe heart disease
    
    
  • Persons with diabetes

• Use: These drugs are given orally or by injection to rapidly correct high elevations of intraocular pressure.
  
  
• Drug or food interactions: Hyperosmotics may decrease lithium levels.
  
  
• Side effects: Hyperosmotics should be used with caution in people who have diseases worsened by salt retention.