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Antacids

Antacids are readily available without a prescription and typically contain aluminum in various forms (for example, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, aluminum carbonate), calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or a combination of these ingredients. Many antacids are available. Several familiar examples include Gaviscon, Maalox, Mylanta, and Tums. Some may contain a foaming agent to help block the stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus.

• How antacids work: Antacids neutralize stomach acid, thereby decreasing the acid’s ability to cause irritation and inflammation of the esophagus.
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• Who should not use these medications: Individuals who have experienced an allergic reaction to any component of an antacid should avoid use of antacids containing the offending component.
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• Use: Antacids are available as liquids or chewable tablets. Dosages vary, so follow package directions. If your symptoms are not relieved after regular use over several weeks, contact a doctor.
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• Drug interactions: The absorption of many drugs (including vitamins and iron) may be affected by antacids, which change the acidity of stomach contents. If you take other medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist for information on interactions with antacids.
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• Food interactions: High-protein meals may decrease the effect of aluminum-containing antacids. Prolonged antacid use and excessive consumption of calcium may cause high calcium levels and result in serious metabolic disease.
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• Side effects: After regular use for several weeks, antacids may cause diarrhea (magnesium-containing antacids) or constipation (aluminum-containing antacids). They may impair calcium metabolism and may cause magnesium to accumulate, which may damage the kidneys.