Benzodiazepine Hypnotics

Benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs include estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam (Restoril), and triazolam (Halcion).

How do benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs work? These drugs bind to benzodiazepine receptors (omega-1 and omega-2) in the brain, thereby inducing sleep.

Who should not use these medications? People with the following conditions should not use benzodiazepines:

• Allergy to benzodiazepines



• Narrow-angle glaucoma



• Untreated obstructive sleep apnea



• History of drug abuse 

Use: Take the prescribed dose 30 minutes before bedtime. Elderly individuals are prescribed smaller doses.

Drug or food interactions: Certain drugs, such as cimetidine (Tagamet), azole antifungal medications, antibiotics (for example, erythromycin [E-Mycin, Ery-Tab]), or drugs used to treat AIDS, lessen the body’s ability to eliminate benzodiazepines, thereby increasing the risk of toxicity. Some drugs, such as rifampin (Rifadin) or St. John’s Wort, may speed the metabolism (breakdown for use in the body) of sedative-hypnotics, thereby decreasing effectiveness.

Side effects: Benzodiazepines may impair coordination, balance, or mental alertness and are more likely to disrupt REM sleep, causing less restful sleep.