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Medical Author:

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Medical Editor:

Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD

Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD

Dr. Charles "Pat" Davis, MD, PhD, is a board certified Emergency Medicine doctor who currently practices as a consultant and staff member for hospitals. He has a PhD in Microbiology (UT at Austin), and the MD (Univ. Texas Medical Branch, Galveston). He is a Clinical Professor (retired) in the Division of Emergency Medicine, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, and has been the Chief of Emergency Medicine at UT Medical Branch and at UTHSCSA with over 250 publications.

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urologic dysfunction after menopause, urinary tract infections, UTI, bladder, bladder infection, cystitis, honeymoon cystitis, kidney infection, kidneys, pyelonephritis, ureters, urethra, urethritis, urinary catheter, urinary catheterization, urine, detrusor instability, detrusor overactivity, dribbling, enuresis, incontinence, incontinent, urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, urge incontinence, mixed incontinence, overflow incontinence, neuropathic incontinence, fistula, traumatic incontinence, congenital incontinence, obstruction to urine flow, dribbling incontinence, functional incontinence, involuntary loss of urine, Kegel exercises, leaking urine, micturition, overactive bladder, peeing in pants, urinary tract, urination, urine leak, wetting pants, prostate disease, impacted stool, bladder disease, bedwetting, bed wetting, nocturnal enuresis, prolapsed bladder, bladder prolapse, cystocele, fallen bladder, childbirth, pregnancy, menopause, estrogen, urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, chronic constipation, long-term constipation, incomplete urination, bladder control problems, voiding cystourethrogram, urination, vagina, pelvis, pelvic floor, painful intercourse, dyspareunia, pessary, pessaries, estrogen replacement therapy, ERT, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, cystocele surgery, obesity

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