Vaginal Prolapse (cont.)

Web Links

MedlinePlus, Uterine prolapse

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, Cystocele (Fallen Bladder)

Medical College of Wisconsin, Fallen Bladder (Cystocele)

Health Education Associates, Kegel Exercises

Multimedia

Media file 1: Sites where a rectocele may occur.

Media type: Image

Media file 2: The vagina and supportive structures. The paracolpium extends along the outside wall of vagina.

Media type: Image

Media file 3: Level I is suspension and level II is attachment. The paracolpium suspends the vagina from the lateral pelvic walls in level I. These fibers extend vertically and posteriorly toward the sacrum. The vagina in level II is attached to the arcus tendineus fascia of pelvis and superior fascia of levator ani.

Media type: Image

Media file 4: Level II and III detail. In level III, the vagina is fused to the medial surface of the levator ani muscles, urethra, and perineal body. The anterior surface of the vagina at its attachment to the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis forms the pubocervical fascia, while the posterior surface forms the rectovaginal fascia.

Media type: Image

Media file 5: Enterocele and massive vaginal eversion. Posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse.

Media type: Photo

Media file 6: Relaxed vaginal outlet. This elderly woman had a large rectocele and pronounced perineal body relaxation. The anterior repair and incontinence procedure had already been performed.

Media type: Photo

Synonyms and Keywords

vaginal prolapse, vagina, rectocele, prolapsed rectum, rectal prolapse, cystocele, prolapsed bladder, bladder drop, vaginal vault prolapse, prolapsed vagina, prolapsed uterus, uterine prolapse, enterocele, herniated small bowel, prolapsed urethra, urethral prolapse, urethrocele, cystourethrocele, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, hysterectomy,menopause, estrogen, complete prolapse, procidentia, childbirth, levator ani, pelvic floor relaxation, genital outlet prolapse, obesity, painful intercourse, dyspareunia, urinary tract infections, pessary, Kegel exercises, estrogen replacement therapy, vaginal vault suspension, laparoscopic bladder suspension, modified Burch procedure, bladder neck suspension, electrical stimulation, biofeedback

Authors and Editors

Author: George Lazarou, MD, FACOG, Director, Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Jack D Weiler Hospital/Montefiore Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Coauthor(s): Buck Christensen, Medical Writer, eMedicine.com, Inc.

Editors: Bryan D Cowan, MD, Director, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi College of Medicine; Mary L Windle, Pharm D, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine.com, Inc; Lee P Shulman, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Head, Section of Reproductive Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Last Editorial Review: 9/22/2005

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