Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2): What causes diabetes, what tests diagnose it, and what is a good diabetic diet? Learn the signs of being diabetic, the treatments, and the differences between type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent) can be caused by heredity, environmental factors, or ethnicity. Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent) can be caused by high blood pressure, high lipid levels, high-fat diet, high alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, ethnicity, or age.
Must Read Articles:
-
Aortic Aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a medical emergency. Abnormal enlargement or bulging of the aorta becomes an aortic aneurysm when this area becomes weakened. Some of the symptoms of an aortic aneurysm include back pain, chest pain, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. Common causes of an aortic aneurysm include heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, inflammatory aneurysm, or injury to the chest wall. Treatment of aortic aneurysm depends upon the cause. -
Can Peripheral Neuropathy Go Away
Peripheral neuropathy does not go away on its own. It describes conditions that involve damage to the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathy may involve damage to only one nerve (mononeuropathy), two or more nerves in different areas (multiple mononeuropathy or mononeuropathy multiplex), or may affect many or most of the nerves (polyneuropathy). -
Constipation in Children
Constipation in infants and children affects up to 10% of children at any given time. Causes of constipation in infants and children include a wilfulness to avoid the toilet, prior painful or frightening experiences that make them avoid the bathroom, a concern for lack of privacy in public restrooms, changes in diet, dehydration, and several medical disorders. Symptoms of constipation in infants and children include vague abdominal pain, vomiting, decreased appetite, urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and bedwetting. Home remedies and self-care at home is possible with mild constipation, however, it may be necessary for the affected infant or child to see a pediatrician or other healthcare professional. -
Caring for Your Diabetes at Special Time
Be prepared to manage your diabetes, and control blood sugar and symptoms when you're sick, when you're at work or school, when traveling, during pregnancy, or during an emergency or natural disaster. -
Diabetic Eye Disease
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness in the US and worldwide. Diabetic eye disease is a complication from diabetes. Types of diabetic eye disease include blindness, background diabetic retinopathy, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy includes blurry or hazy vision, difficulty focusing, and night glare from oncoming lights. Causes of diabetic eye disease occur over time due to hypoglycemia (high blood sugar) and other abnormalities in metabolism found in people with diabetes. Treatment for diabetes eye problems depends on the type of eye problem. Medication and surgery for diabetes eye problems may be necessary in addition to lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercise, quitting smoking. -
Diabetic Foot Care
Read about diabetic foot care. Causes of foot problems in people with diabetes include footwear, nerve damage, poor circulation, trauma, infections, and smoking. Symptoms and signs of foot problems in persons with diabetes include persistent pain, redness of the skin, leg or feet swelling, claudication, hard shiny skin on the legs, localized warmth around the wound, drainage or pus from the would, difficulty walking, fever, red streaking away from the wound, new or lasting numbness in the legs or feet. Any break in the skin can result in a serious infection. Treatment depends upon the location and severity of the wound or problem. Amputation of the leg or foot is sometimes necessary. -
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when a person with diabetes becomes dehydrated. Causes of diabetic ketoacidosis include infection, missed insulin, or newly diagnosed diabetes. Some signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include excessive thirst, vomiting, confusion, dry skin or mouth, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency and if you think you or someone you know may be suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis call 911 or go to the nearest urgent care facility or emergency department. -
Wilderness: Diabetic Reaction
There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. There are two types of diabetic reactions; low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Symptoms of hypoglycemia include: dizziness; headache; rapid onset of cool, pale, moist, and clammy skin; rapid pulse; and shallow breathing. Treatment is to have the person with diabetes suffering the reaction eat or drink something with sugar such as juice, candy, or another sweet substance. Hyperglycemia is less common and the symptoms can occur over several days. Medical treatment is generally needed. -
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1c (hemoglobin A1c) is a test used at times to monitor blood glucose in people with diabetes. HbA1c is a long-term indicator of blood glucose control. This test also monitors the effects of diet, exercise, and drug therapy on the patient's blood glucose. The normal range for hemoglobin A1c is less than 6%. HbA1c cannot be used to monitor day-to-day blood glucose levels. -
Hemorrhoid Treatment for People with Diabetes
Some medications used to treat hemorrhoids can knock blood sugar out of balance in people with diabetes. Learn more about how to treat hemorrhoids safely when you also suffer from diabetes. -
High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)
High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) is when the body's blood sugar rises. Blood sugar levels can be measured using a blood glucose meter. Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of high blood sugar. Symptoms include dry mouth, thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Treatment includes diet, exercise, and medications -
Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is caused by overmedication, use of certain medications, use of alcohol, missed meals, kidney or liver infection, and more. Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include: trembling, clammy skin, palpitations, anxiety, sweating, hunger, and irritability. Treatment of hypoglycemia in a person with diabetes is glucose (sugar). If the cause is another disease or condition, treatment will depend on the cause of the hypoglycemia. -
Insulin Reaction
An insulin reaction occurs when an individual with diabetes experiences hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and becomes confused or unconscious. Causes of insulin reaction include improper medication dosing, exercise, or skipping meals. Common symptoms of a mild insulin reaction include dizziness, irritability, hunger, shakiness, rapid heart beat, and sweating. Treatment is generally sugar drinks, tablets, or wafers and monitoring insulin levels. -
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is a condition associated with several other conditions as well as a genetic component. Some of the conditions associated with insulin resistance include: the metabolic syndrome, stress, obesity, steroid use, or infection. Treatment of insulin resistance include lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise) and if necessary, medications. -
Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome refers to combination of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease that occur together, including: insulin resistance, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and increased risk of blood clots. Causes include obesity, genetic factors, and smoking. Symptoms depend on factors present, but usually include large waistline. Treatment includes diet and exercise and medication. -
Neuropathy
Neuropathy is a term that refers to malfunctions or diseases of the nerves. Types of neuropathy include diabetic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, ulnar neuropathy, optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy, cranial neuropathy, auditory neuropathy, and focal neuropathy. Causes of neuropathy can be disease, injury, infections, or vitamin deficiencies. Symptoms of neuropathy depend on the nerves involved. Treatment is generally medication and lifestyle changes to prevent further nerve damage. -
What Is the Normal HbA1C Level
A normal HbA1C level is below 5.7%. This test measures blood sugar with the aim of diagnosing diabetes.
Featured:
Expert Views and News
- Fast Food Restaurants Linked to Type 2 Diabetes
- Which Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Need SGLT2
- Alcohol May Trigger Neuropathy, Even With Diabetes
- Statins Tied to Diabetes Progression
- Could an Osteoporosis Drug Ward Off Diabetes
- Much Still Unknown About Diabetes and COVID
- Will Interchangeable Insulin Be More Affordable?
- Lower Diabetes Screening Age for With Obesity
- Low Glycemic Diet Improves A1c, Diabetes Risks
- Diabetes, Infections, and Hospitalization
- Half Abandon Metformin Within a Year of Diabetes
- Diabetes Duration Linked to Heart Failure
- Antacids Aid Blood Sugar Control in Diabetes
- Walmart to Sell Cheaper Insulin; Still Expensive
- 'Exciting Advancements' in Diabetes, Care
- Eat Two Fruits a Day, Ward Off Diabetes?
- Sardines Linked to Reduced Type 2 Diabetes Risk
- Severe Obesity Persists, Takes Heart Toll
- Can Insulin Be Stored Outside the Fridge?
- Goldenseal Interferes With Metformin for Diabetes
- Obesity Pegged as Diabetes Cause in Half of Cases
- Many Diabetes Patients With COVID-19 Die
- Oily Fish Linked to Lower Risk of Diabetes
- Antibody Drop Fat, Up Muscle in Obesity, Diabetes
- Low Carb Diets Boost Diabetes Remission Rates
- Large Study Links Brown Fat With Health
- More Metformin Is Recalled
- Diabetes Remission Likelier With Earlier Surgery
- Major Depression Linked to Insulin Resistance
- Plan to Stratify Diabetes Care During Pandemic
- Blood Glucose Predicts COVID-19 Severity
- Metformin for Diabetes During Pregnancy
- Statin Effect in Diabetes With COVID
- HIV Drugs May Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
- It's Complex Rise in Diabetes Drug Costs in US Is
- Recall Widens for Diabetes Drug Metformin
- US Has Highest Insulin Costs
- More Proof That High White Rice Intake Ups Type 2
- Weight Loss Produces Impressive Drop in Diabetes
- Novel Probiotic for Treating Type 2 Diabetes
- Cost-Sharing Caps for Insulin Pricing
- Prediabetes, Opportunity to Prevent Heart Disease
- Guidance for Elders With Diabetes During COVID
- Stress Relief Crucial Component of Diabetes Manage
- More Fruit, Vegetables, Whole Grains for Diabetes
- Big Pharma Sues Over Insulin Affordability Law
- Is Metformin the Best Therapy for Diabetes?
- Lifestyle Changes for Prediabetes
- Diabetes Control in US Youth Has Worsened
- Calcium Scoring Stenoses in Asymptomatic Diabetes
- Late Dinner Affects Metabolism, Leads to Diabetes
- Who Gets Newer Diabetes Meds?
- Metformin May Boost Glucose Excretion in Stool
- What Are the Most Prescribed Diabetes Medications?
- FDA Not Recommending Recalls of Diabetes Drug
- Three-Meal Diet Improves Type 2 Diabetes
- FDA Investigates Metformin for Possible Carcinogen
- Omega-3, Vitamin D No Benefit for Kidney Function
- Much More Work Needed to Tackle Insulin Pricing
- Maintaining Weight Loss in Diabetes Is Key
- Dieting to Reverse Type 2 Diabetes
- Liquid Biopsy for Vascular Diabetes Complications
- Obesity Poses Biggest Risk for Diabetes
- Is There a Downturn in New Cases of Diabetes?
- Concerned About Diabetes Drug Prices?
- Little Progress Seen in Diabetes Care
- Antidepressant Use for Diabetes Patients
- FDA Recalls Insulin Pumps Over Security Concerns
- New Diabetes Cases in US Fall by 35 Percent
- Use of Unauthorized Diabetes Devices
- Gaps Found in Diabetes Prevention Advice, Activity
- Personalize Diabetes Eating Plans, ADA Advises
- Diabetes Drug 'Home Run' Curtailing Kidney Failure
- Eli Lilly Offers Lower-Priced Version of Insulin
- Diabetes Eye Exam Frequency in US
- Diet Soda Linked to Risk for Diabetic Blindness
- Night Shifts and Lifestyle Combine to Up Diabetes
- Arthritis Strikes 1 in 3 Adults with Prediabetes
- Diabetes Link to Increased Suicide, Alcohol-Abuse
- When Does Type 2 Diabetes Start?
- Stopping Progression to Diabetes
- Psoriasis/Psoriatic Arthritis Diabetes Risk
- FDA Warns of Serious Genital Infection With Diabetes Meds
- Weak Handgrip Strength Linked to Heart Risks
- Diabetic-Level Glucose Spikes in Healthy Adults
- LGBQ Youth May Be at Greater Diabetes Risk
- A New Player in Type 1 Diabetes Treatment?
- Vegetarian Diet for Diabetes
- Testosterone Therapy Reduces Diabetes
- The Pill, Menopause, and Diabetes
- Artificial Pancreas Helps Type 2 Diabetes
- Vitamin D Link to Diabetes Risk
- Prediabetes, Diabetes Screening Criteria Misses
- Beta-Blockers May Be Risky With Diabetes
- The LDL Dilemma in Diabetes: How Low Do You Go?
- US Adult Obesity Rate Jumped Over Last 20 Years
- Valentine's Day Is No Romance for Diabetes Control
- Cataract Risk Highest in Younger Diabetes Patients
- Dentists Play Key Role in Management of Diabetes
- Rising Obesity in South Leads to Diabetes Increase
- Breastfeeding May Halve Diabetes Risk in Women
- Insulin Vials and Pens May Not Be Accurate
- Liquid Diet Prompts Diabetes Remission
- Gene Discovery Could Help Diabetes Drugs
- Diabetes Linked to All-Cause and Sudden Death
- Statin Use Raises Diabetes Risk
- Antidepressants and Diabetes Risk in Kids
- Twice-Daily Aspirin for CVD in Diabetes
- Hyperkalemia Linked to Poor Outcomes With Diabetes
- Red Meat and Poultry Tied to Diabetes Risk
- ADA Updates for Managing Hypertension in Diabetes
- Shorter Sleep Tied to Higher Type 2 Diabetes Risk
- Almost Half the US Population Has Diabetes
- Early Menopause Linked to Increased Diabetes
- Antioxidant in Broccoli May Help Fight Diabetes
- Sexual Dysfunction From Diabetes
- Point-of-Care Test Aids Diabetes Detection
- Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery
- Obesity in Children Quadruples Their Diabetes Risk
- Screening Kids for Diabetic Retinopathy
- Statins Increase Diabetes Risk by up to 50 Percent
- File Suit Against Insulin Companies
- Mary Tyler Moore: Diabetes Patient and Advocate
- FDA Okays IDegLira, LixiLan for Diabetes
- GDM Ups Cardiovascular Risk
- Federal Investigation Into Drug Price Gouging
- 'Hacking' a Diabetes Cure?
- Eye Study Shows Benefits of Controlling Diabetes
- Long-Acting Human Insulin Analog for Diabetes
- Sitting for a Long Time Not as Bad as Thought?
- Red Wine Boosts Heart Health in Type 2 Diabetes
- Experts Link Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals to Diabetes, Obesity
- Daytime Napping Linked to Diabetes Risk
- Diabetes a Concern for Half of Americans
- The Benefits of Exercise Go Way Beyond the Muscles
- Could Diabetes Run in Your Relationship?
- Researchers Test Powdered Insulin to Prevent Diabetes
- How Vitamin D May Affect Heart Disease, Diabetes
- New Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy
- Coffee and Your Health: FAQ
- Diabetes and Dementia May Be Linked
- More Children in U.S. Are Getting Type 1 Diabetes
- Cancer Rates Higher in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
- Dairy and Diabetes Risk: New Thinking?
- Egg-Rich Diet Not Harmful in Type 2 Diabetes
- Weekly Diabetes Drugs: FAQs
- Scientists Explain Why Statins Raise Diabetes Risk
- High-Fat Dairy May Lower Diabetes Risk
- Could Artificial Sweeteners Raise Your Blood Sugar?
- Nuts & Your Health: What to Know
- Weight Loss Surgery: Diabetes Cure?
- Fast-Slow Walking May Be Better for Diabetes
- Diabetes May Raise Risk for Head and Neck Cancer
- FDA Approves Inhaled Insulin Drug Afrezza
- Taste Buds Decline With Age -- Link to Diabetes?
- Diet Rich in Plant Antioxidants Helps Blood Sugar
- 29 Million Have Diabetes; 1 in 4 Doesn't Know
- Diabetes: 2 Large Meals Better Than 6 Small?
- Declines in Some Diabetes-Related Complications
- FDA Approves Tanzeum to Treat Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Topic Guide - Visuals
Slideshows, Pictures, Images, and Quizzes:
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Quiz
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
-
Slideshow
Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Topic Guide - Medications and Vitamins
Medications:
Metformin And SaxagliptinMetformin and saxagliptin are oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
Metformin And SitagliptinMetformin and sitagliptin are oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
Metformin And PioglitazoneMetformin and pioglitazone is a combination of two oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
ExenatideThis medication guide provides information about the Byetta brand of exenatide. Bydureon is another brand of exenatide that is not covered in ...learn more »
PramlintidePramlintide is a man-made form of a hormone that occurs naturally in the body. Pramlintide lowers blood sugar in three ways. It slows the rate that food mo...learn more »
Insulin DetemirInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin detemir is a long-acting insulin that starts to work seve...learn more »
Insulin GlulisineInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin glulisine is a fast-acting insulin that starts to work ab...learn more »
Insulin Aspart And Insulin Aspart ProtamineInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin aspart is a fast-acting insulin. Insulin aspart protamin...learn more »
Glipizide And MetforminGlipizide and metformin is a combination of two oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
Glyburide And MetforminGlyburide and metformin is a combination of two oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
Insulin AspartInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin aspart is a fast-acting insulin that starts to work about...learn more »
Insulin GlargineInsulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that starts to work several hours after injection and keeps working evenly for 24 hours...learn more »
Insulin Lispro And Insulin Lispro ProtamineInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin lispro is a fast-acting insulin. Insulin lispro protamin...learn more »
Insulin Isophane And Insulin RegularInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin isophane is a intermediate-acting insulin. Insulin regul...learn more »
Insulin LisproInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin lispro is a fast-acting insulin that starts to work about...learn more »
Insulin IsophaneInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin isophane is an intermediate-acting insulin that starts to...learn more »
Insulin Regular, Concentrated (U-500)Insulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Concentrated (U-500) insulin is a long-acting insulin that starts...learn more »
Insulin RegularInsulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that starts to work wit...learn more »
MetforminMetformin is used together with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
learn more »
Metformin And RepaglinideMetformin and repaglinide is a combination of two oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels...learn more »
Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Topic Guide – Related Topics
Related Topics:
Obesity
More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight, including at least one in five children. Nearly one-third are obese. Obesity is on the rise in our society ...learn more »
Wound Care
Wounds are lacerations, cuts, or punctures in the skin. Wounds can be superficial, deep, punctures, or pressure sores. The amount of pain, inflammation, and ble...learn more »
Blood Clots
Blood is supposed to clot to help repair a blood vessel that is injured. Clots or thrombi become a problem when they form inappropriately. There are a variety o...learn more »
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) may be present in an individual, without any symptoms. Thus, it is called the "silent killer." Causes of high blood pressure ...learn more »
Chronic Kidney Disease
Twenty percent of people over the age of 20 years will develop chronic kidney disease in their lifetime. Chronic kidney disease causes are diseases of the kidne...learn more »
High Cholesterol
High cholesterol increases your risk for heart attack and stroke. There are no symptoms and it is often diagnosed during routine blood tests. Learn about preven...learn more »
Understanding Your Cholesterol Level
Blood cholesterol levels are measured by a simple blood test. Elevated LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol), and low levels of HDL cholesterol (t...learn more »
Weight Loss and Control
Obesity is simply the accumulation of excess body fat. It is much more than that, however. Obesity is a chronic (long-term) disease that is very difficult to...
learn more »
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a group of different types of heart disease. Symptoms of heart disease depend on the cause and inclue chest pain or angina, s...
learn more »
Vaginal Yeast Infections
Vaginal yeast infections (vaginal candidiasis, genital candidiasis, or vulvovaginal candidiasis) is a fungal or yeast infection. Symptoms include vaginal discha...learn more »
Bad Breath (Halitosis)
Bad breath< (halitosis) can be caused by a variety of things including diet, medication, poor oral hygiene, and diseases or conditions such as diabetes, GERD, l...learn more »
Cholesterol Tests
Cholesterol tests measure the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. The test is also referred to as a lipoprotein profile or lipoprotein analysis. T...learn more »
Stroke
Stroke is a medical emergency. When a person has a stroke, part of the blood supply to the brain is cut off or greatly decreased. There are two main types of st...learn more »
Triglycerides
Elevated or high triglycerides are a type of lipid disorder. Lipids are one type of fat transported through the bloodstream. High triglyceride levels may occ...
learn more »
Medication in the Treatment of Obesity
Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of...learn more »
