Doctor's Notes on Gingivitis
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. Signs and symptoms of this disease usually begins with
- swelling,
- redness,
- pain, and
- bleeding.
As the disease progresses, receding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth and/or tooth loss can occur.
The exact reason or cause of gingivitis has not been proved. Plaque, a mix of bacteria and sticky material, plays a role in its development according to many researchers. However, other factors can also play a role (for example, underlying diseases like diabetes, HIV, alcoholism, hormone changes, and certain drugs [steroids, phenytoin] can be associated with gingivitis development). Poor dental hygiene, crowded teeth, and dental work like ill-fitting devices can contribute to the disease development.
What Is the Treatment for Gingivitis?
Early in the development of gingivitis, if treated by a dental professional, symptoms and signs abate and prevent disease progression. Treatments may include the following:
- Teeth cleaning (plaque and tartar removal) by a dental professional
- Continual care (routine follow-up teeth cleaning, tooth brushing and flossing, electric toothbrush, water pic use recommended by some dentists, for example)
- Dental restoration may be recommended (for example, treatments of underlying problems such as misalignment of teeth, missing teeth, and/or poorly fitting dental devices like crowns)
- Other suggestions: Brush two to three times per day, use a mouth rinse daily (some suggest a saltwater rinse helps heal gingivitis), and do not smoke or chew tobacco.
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Dental Abscess
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Is Gingivitis Contagious?
The bacteria that cause gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) may be spread through saliva, which means it is possible – though uncommon - to spread through kissing or sharing eating utensils or oral health equipment with someone who has gum disease. -
Periodontal Disease (Gum Disease)
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Toothache
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When to Visit the Dentist
Most symptoms and problems that occur with your mouth, teeth, and gums are not emergencies and usually can wait for an appointment with your dentist. Urgent dental problems include: traumatic injury that cracks or breaks teeth; cuts to the gums or mouth; tooth pain; gum swelling or redness; or jaw pain.
REFERENCE:
Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.