Motor Skills Disorder Topic Guide

Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD), is a condition in which a child's inability to focus and concentrate on a task or purpose interferes with their emotional, academic, or social functioning. ADHD is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and/or inattention.

Autism is a complex behaviorally defined developmental disorder with three core features: 1) impaired reciprocal social interaction, 2) impaired communication, and 3) restricted use of interests, behaviors, and activities. The main cause of autism is thought to be the result of a neurological abnormality. Symptoms and signs of autism are reflective in the three core components of the disorder. There is no cure for autism, however; signs and symptoms may be controlled or managed with medication and behavioral therapy.

A bruise is a common skin injury that results in a discoloration of the skin. Symptoms and signs include pain and discolored skin. Applying a cold compress may speed healing and reduce swelling. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be taken for pain.

Cognitive deficits (intellectual disability) begin in childhood and cause impaired ability to learn and function. Causes of cognitive deficits include genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome, premature birth, exposure to toxins, and others. Cognitive deficits symptoms include developmental delay, behavioral issues, or difficulties in school. Treatment may include dietary changes, medications, and therapies.

Nutrition and diet is needed for health. Read dietary guidelines, dietary reference intakes, food guide pyramid, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. A healthy variety of food provides nutrients for health and weight management and weight loss.

Dyslexia (reading disorder) is the most common learning disability. The cause is thought to be genetic. Dyslexia symptoms vary with the age of the child and can include: language delays, difficulty with reading and comprehension, and poor spelling. Early treatment may involve "remediation" which offers strategies to the child to improve deficits, and use of phonics. For older children and adults, "accommodation" for dyslexia adapts curriculum and methods of instruction.

More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight, including at least one in five children. Nearly one-third are obese. Obesity is on the rise in our society because food is abundant and physical activity is optional. The safest way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more. Treatment may also include medications, surgery, and behavior modification.

Tourette's syndrome (or Tourette syndrome) is a neuropsychiatric condition that is characterized by the presence of tics, which are repetitive, involuntary or semi-voluntary, short lasting, motor tics (stereotyped movements) or phonic tics (vocalizations) usually in clusters and appear without warning Tourette's syndrome is usually associated with other disorders such as ADHD, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), learning, sleep, anxiety, and mood disorders. The cause of Tourette's syndrome is not clear. Treatment is generally aimed toward the symptoms (tics), or associated conditions.

Yoga is the systematic practice of physical exercise, breath control, relaxation, diet control, and positive thinking and meditation aimed at developing harmony in the body, mind, and environment. Yoga produces a union of body, mind, and energy to elicit calmness. Benefits of yoga include: improved flexibility, stress relief, and inner peace.

Yoga is a system of stretching and calesthenics based on ancient Indian practices. This form of exercise offers many health benefits, and there are a number of frequently asked questions about the practice of yoga.

There are many terms used in yoga. Learn about the most common terms, from "asana" to "yogi."