Doctor's Notes on Smoke Inhalation
Smoke inhalation is the number one cause of death related to fires. Smoke inhalation is breathing in the products of combustion during a fire. Smoke is made up of both heated particles and gases. Smoke inhalation can damage the body in different ways, including:
- simple asphyxiation (lack of oxygen),
- chemical irritation,
- chemical asphyxiation, or
- a combination of these.
Carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide are types of harmful chemicals produced in fires that interfere with the body’s use of oxygen and are termed chemical asphyxiants.
Signs and symptoms associated with smoke inhalation may include:
- cough,
- shortness of breath,
- changes in mental status,
- hoarseness, and
- headache.
Other signs and symptoms may include:
- rapid breathing,
- black mucus production,
- irritation of the eyes,
- changes in skin color,
- confusion,
- fainting,
- nausea, and
- vomiting.
What Is the Treatment for Smoke Inhalation?
First aid for smoke inhalation includes removing the victim from the source and administration. CPR may be needed.
Medical treatment for smoke inhalation may include:
- Administration of oxygen and ventilation support
- Bronchoscopy to examine the airways and remove secretions and debris that may be blocking the airways
- Hyperbaric oxygenation (delivery of oxygen in a compression chamber) may be appropriate for some victims including those with carbon monoxide poisoning
Trauma and First Aid : Training and Supplies Quiz

Emotional trauma is best described as a psychological response to a deeply distressing or life-threatening experience.
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning material containing carbon. Carbon monoxide kills nearly 400 people each year in the U.S. Early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, nausea, fatigue, and are often mistaken for the flu. If a person suspects they have been exposed to carbon monoxide poison, seek medical care emergently. -
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchitis is inflammation of the air passages in the lungs. There are several viruses and bacteria that cause bronchitis. Exposure to pollutants or tobacco smoke are also risks. Bronchitis is contagious if it is viral or bacterial. It is not contagious if it is due to smoking, air pollution, and other inhaled irritants. Symptoms of bronchitis include cough, sore throat, wheezing, fever, chills, etc. Treatment for bronchitis depends on the cause.
REFERENCE:
Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.