Doctor's Notes on Urologic Dysfunction After Menopause
After menopause, a woman’s estrogen levels decrease, which is thought to contribute to urologic symptoms. Urologic conditions that can occur around the time a woman goes through menopause include bladder control problems, bladder prolapse (descent of the bladder into the vagina due to weakening of the pelvic tissues), and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) include painful urination, urinary frequency or urgency, hesitant urination, lower abdominal pain, fever, cloudy and foul-smelling urine, blood in the urine, chills, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain. Symptoms of bladder control problems include stress incontinence (urine leakage occurs when a woman coughs, laughs, exercises) and urge incontinence (a strong, sudden urge to urinate which may lead to a woman wetting herself). Symptoms of bladder prolapse include pelvic pain, low back pain, difficulty urinating, stress incontinence, painful intercourse, and painful, bleeding tissue protruding from the vagina.
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Bedwetting (Bed Wetting) Causes, Signs, Treatment, and Cure
Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis) is the involuntary passage of urine while sleeping. Causes of bedwetting include urinary tract infection, diabetes, emotional problems, neurological problems, pinworm infection, and excessive fluid intake. Treatment may incorporate moisture detectors, medication, and surgery. -
Bladder Control Problems
Bladder control problems, or urinary incontinence, affect over 13 million people in the U.S. Causes include urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, blocked urethra, medication side effect, and muscle weakness. Symptoms and signs include hematuria, straining, dribbling, frequency, and urgency. Treatment may incorporate behavioral therapy, medication, and surgery. -
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a tiny camera tool (cystoscope) is inserted into the patient's urethra to inspect Cystoscopy is the use of a scope (cystoscope) to examine the bladder and ureters for abnormalities or to assist with surgery. Cystoscopy causes pain and light bleeding for about 24 hours after the procedure. Cystoscopy causes pain and other common symptoms like fever and light bleeding. Home remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can help relieve pain after the procedure. the bladder for cancer or other abnormalities. -
Dysuria (Painful Urination)
Dysuria is the sensation of pain during urination and may be caused by a std or infection of the bladder, kidney, urethra, or prostate. A urinalysis will be performed to determine the bacteria causing the infection. Infections are treated with antibiotics. -
Incontinence FAQs
Get answers to frequently asked questions about urinary incontinence types, causes, health factors, symptoms, tests, treatment, and exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. -
Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Treatment, and Curein Men and Women
Kidney infection occurs when an infection from the bladder and urinary tract moves upward into the kidneys. Kidney infection is also referred to as pyelonephritis. Kidney infection has many causes, and common symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, chills, fatigue, burning urination, and others. Treatment for kidney infection is with antibiotics. -
Kidney Stones: Symptoms, Pain, Diet, Removal, and Prevention
The kidney filters waste products and excess water from the body. Sometimes, because of factors that include heredity, diet, and medications, waste products crystallize in the kidney, forming stones. Symptoms include severe pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, infection, blood in the urine, and others. Treatment includes medications, fluids, and other procedures. -
Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a type of urinary incontinence. Causes include urinary tract infection, kidney and bladder stones, bladder tumors, diabetic neuropathy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Nocturia, urinary urgency, and urinary frequency are symptoms. Treatment will likely include a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. -
Prolapsed Bladder
Bladder prolapse is the name of a condition in which a woman's bladder descends into the vagina, usually resulting from the stress of childbirth or other bodily harm to the pelvis. Urinary difficulties, discomfort, and stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by sneezing, coughing, exertion, etc.) can result from a prolapsed bladder. -
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is when there's an involuntary loss of urine. There are many types of incontinence, including urge incontinence (overactive bladder), mixed incontinence, reflex incontinence, and stress incontinence. Potential causes of incontinence include overactive bladder muscles, weak bladder muscles, blockage of urine flow, and nerve damage. Treatment may involve dietary changes and exercise, including Kegel exercises and using vaginal weights. -
Urine Test (Urinalysis)
Urinalysis (Urine Test UA) is a commonly ordered medical test to analyze urine. It may be used to diagnose, urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, to screen for kidney diseases, to monitor diabetes, or high blood pressure (hypertension). A urinalysis looks for white and red blood cells, epithelial cells, blood or protein in the urine, crystals, or bacteria, among other things.
REFERENCE:
Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.